Which molecule brings amino acids to the ribosome and recognizes codons on mRNA?

Study for the DNA Structure, Replication, Transcription and Translation Test with flashcards and multiple choice questions. Each question offers hints and explanations. Prepare thoroughly and excel in your exam!

Multiple Choice

Which molecule brings amino acids to the ribosome and recognizes codons on mRNA?

Explanation:
Transfer RNA is the molecule that delivers amino acids to the ribosome and reads the genetic message on mRNA through its anticodon. Each tRNA carries a specific amino acid and has an anticodon loop that base-pairs with the codon on the mRNA inside the ribosome, ensuring the correct amino acid is added according to the genetic code. The amino acid attached to tRNA is linked by an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, making a charged tRNA ready for incorporation during the elongation steps of translation. In contrast, mRNA provides the codon sequence, rRNA forms the ribosome and helps catalysis, and DNA stores the genetic information, but none of them actively deliver amino acids to the growing polypeptide in the ribosome.

Transfer RNA is the molecule that delivers amino acids to the ribosome and reads the genetic message on mRNA through its anticodon. Each tRNA carries a specific amino acid and has an anticodon loop that base-pairs with the codon on the mRNA inside the ribosome, ensuring the correct amino acid is added according to the genetic code. The amino acid attached to tRNA is linked by an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, making a charged tRNA ready for incorporation during the elongation steps of translation. In contrast, mRNA provides the codon sequence, rRNA forms the ribosome and helps catalysis, and DNA stores the genetic information, but none of them actively deliver amino acids to the growing polypeptide in the ribosome.

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