Translation is the process decoding mRNA into a polypeptide chain.

• A. Transcription
• B. Translation
• C. Replication
• D. Mutation

Answer: (B)

Translation is the process of decoding the information in messenger RNA to synthesize a polypeptide chain. The ribosome reads mRNA codons, three nucleotides at a time, and each codon specifies a particular amino acid. Transfer RNA brings the correct amino acids to the ribosome, with anticodons pairing to the codons, so the amino acids are linked in the sequence dictated by the mRNA. This process ends when a stop codon appears, releasing the completed polypeptide. Translation follows transcription, which makes RNA from DNA, and is distinct from replication, which copies DNA, and from mutation, which is a change in DNA sequence.